Emulsifiable oil and method of producing same



Patented Aug. 30, 1932 j UNITED STATE-S PATENT: OFFICE mom 3. HOEL, or nanxnn' HILL, rmmsznvmm, AssreNon. rro man ATLANTIC REFINING- comm, or rnrnsnnnrnm, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION or Nonrawing.

, PENNSYLVANIA EMULSIFIAIBLE OIL AND METHOD OF PRODUCING SAME The present invention relates to emulsifiable oils, as for example, of the type known as cutting oil, oroils to be used'in the textile industry-or the like.

An oil prepared in accordance with my invention is an improved product over known emulsifiable oils in that when dissolved in water a substantially non-frothing emulsion is formed. I v .w

In accordance with prior practice, oils used in forming "mineraloil'emulsions are usually prepared by mixing'a suitable emulsifying agent as for example, soaps formed from 'I'OSlIl, 'atty acids, sulphonated *vegetable or animal oil, or certain acids derived from petroleum, or a mixture of them, with mineral oil, preferably a light lubricating hydrocarbon oil.

with water havethe tendency to form a more or less persistent froth or foam. This froth-.

Such oils when agitated ing or foaming tendency is highly undesir-' able, one reason being that it causes over-' flowing ofv the vats or tanks in which the emulsion is made up. An object of my invention is to produce an oil which during or after its formation of an emulsion with water will not giveva persistent froth when agitated.

,Ihave found that when sulphonated sperm oil ora "similar liquid wax is compounded with mineral oil and saponified either before orafter such compounding, there is formed a product whichwhentagitated with water has little'or no frothing tendency. Furthermore, I have found that when sul.-

- phonated sperm oil is compounded with mineral oil and any of the commonly known emulsifying agents, such as rosin, fatty acids, sulphonated vegetable or animal oil, or the like, and the mixture is saponified and theref after emulsified with water, there is produced an emulsion which has little or no frothing tendency when agitated.

In the preparation of an emulsifiable oil in accordance with my invention, I take a suitable hydrocarbon oil, as for example one having a saybolt viscosity at 100 F. of om 100 to 200 seconds or even higher, preferably an oil of the light lubricating class, and add the like. either added to the sulphonated sperm oil Application filed May 24, 1929. Serial No. 365,779.

oil which is clear, homogeneous and nongelatinous, and in forming an e'muls'on with water will not form a persistent 0th or foam, nor will the emulsion after having.

been formed, froth or foam to any substantial extent when agitated. Furthermore the emulsion so formed will be a practically perj feet and permanent milk white liquid.

For a portion of the sulphonated sperm oil used in forming my emulsifiable oil there may be substituted other emulsifying agents, as for example, rosin, fatty acids, sulphonatedvegetable and/or animal oils, certain sulphonated acids derived from petroleum, or Such emulsifying agents may be and the mixture added to mineral oil or the sperm oil and additional'emulsifying agent may be added to the mineral oil se arately; whereupon an amount of alkali su cient to effect .the desired saponification .is added thereto.

It is to be understood that there are limits within which sulphonatedsperm oil as such or with an additional emulsifyin agent may be compounded with mineral oi to produce a satisfactoryemulsifiableoil If too. I

little sulphonated'sperm oil or too little of the mixture of emulsifying agents is added, the roduct resulting will not be completelfy so uble in water or in other words will not orm a satisfactory emulsion, while if too much of thesulphonated sperm oil or the mixture is added the product will froth or foam when an emulsion with water is formed.

Also, if the mixture of emulsifying agents ed sperm oil and additional emu sifying agent used will depend upon the particular mineral oil to which it is to-be added and inthe mixture the amount of sulphonated light colored'wood or sperm oil used depend upon the properties of the particular emulsifying agent mixed therewith, therefore I do not contemplate limiting my invention to any specific percentages of ingredients.

As an example of a method whereby an emulsifiable oil which when mixed with water will form a non-frothing stable emulsion may be prepared inaccordance with my invention,

but without intending to be limited thereby,

I may add about 80 parts of mineral oil preferab y a 1i ht. lubricating oil to about 20 parts of s phonatedsperm' 011 and agitate either mechanically or otherwiseuntil the oils are thorou hlymixed, then slowly add to the mixture w e continuing theagitation, a caustic potash solution, as for example, a

38 Bi solution, in suflicient amounts to produce the desired saponification, which will be evidenced by the oil becoming clear andtransparent, and completely emulsifiable withwater.

As-afurtherexample, using an additional emulsifyingagent, in this particular case,

,25' rosin, I first put into a kettle about 50 parts by weight of therosin and melt it. Ifhe rosin used should be preferably of a good ade of melt at around 185 F. To the melted rosin I add about 625 parts by weight of a light lubricatingmineral oil and mm the whole thoroughly. 'Then with the tem erature of the 1 mixture around 150 F.,I a d-thereto about- 125 parts by weight of sulphonated s rm oil. .85 and agitate for several minutes. I t e'n add about '16 .parts by weight of a 40 Be. p0tas--' sium hydroxide solution very slowly, atthe same tune agitatin stable emulsion.

It is to be understood that the essential feature of m invention comprises the addixtion of sulp onated sperm oil'or a similar liquid wax to'mineral oil for the fiu'pose of producing an emulsifiable oil' w ch when mixed-with. water will form a non-frothing stable emulsion for .use as heretofore. de-

A scribed. 7 It is to be further understoed that '50 any alkali which causes saponification of the I saponifiable constituents in the mixturemay used in preparin myfproduct and that a either one or more-o the emulsifying agents which are well known tothose skilled in the .55 art may be a'dded to or substituted for a art of the sulphonated sperm oil, for the pro uc-. tion of an emulsifiable oil in accordance with my "invention.

Herein the term nonfoaming emulsifico able oil refers to an oil which when mixed with water to produce an emulsion, will form such emulsion without the usual ersistent froth or foam which is incident to t e formation of emulsions with. emulsifiable oils containing mineral oil-now'in common use. It

-ros1n an should I I I so that saponification be efiected. T e finished oilwill when 40 mixed with water produce a non-frpthing is not meant -to convey that an-- emulsion formed b mixing or agitatingv my oil with small amount of foam as may form will not "'ately whereupon there foam upon the emulsion. What I claim is 1. The process which consists in mixing 1 mineral oil with saponified 'sulfonated sperm oil to produce a clear, homogeneous, nongelatinous emulsifiable oil, and mixing the rsist, or in-other words, will subside immewill be no head of water w' 1- not foam at all, but that such emulsifiable oil with water toform' a noni frothingstabl'e emulsion. p

2. The process which consists in mixing a relatively small amount of sulfonated sperm oil with a relatively large amountof mineral oil, then agitating and adding an alkali in sufiicient quantities to, at least arti-ally saponify the 'sulfonated sperm oi thereb'yto produce a clear, homo eneous, non-gelatinous emulsifiable oil, an mixing the emulsi- ,fiable oil with water to form, a fnon-frothing stable emulsion. R j

3. The process which consists in] mixin saponified sulfonat'ed sperm oil, an additional emulsifying agent and mineral oil,

thereby to. produce a clear, homogeneous, non-gelatinous emulsifiable oil and mixing the .emulsifiable oil with water 'to form a nonfrothing stable emulsion.

4. The process which consists in mixing sulfonated sperm oil, an additional emulsifying agent and mineraloil, .then a gitating and'adding an alkali in suflicientquantities to at least artially saponify the sulfonated ioo sperm oil, t ereby to produce a clear, -hom0-. geneous, nomgelatinous, emulsifiable oil, and

mixing the'emulsifiable oilwith water to form a non-frothing' stable emulsion.

5. The process which comprises mixing 1 sulfonated' s erm oil, mineral oil and one or more emu sifying agents from the roup comprising rosin,- fattyacids, 'sulfonated etable oil, and" acids derived froinpetroleuin,

then agitating and adding an alkali in sufficient quantities to at least partially saponlfy the saponifiable material present in the mixture, thereb to produce a clear, homogeneous, non-ge atinous emulsifiable-oil; and

mixing the emulsifiable oil, with water to form a nonfrothing stable emulsion.

6. The process which comprises mixing mineral oil with a quantity of saponified sulfonated sperm oil suflicient to amount to at least 15 per cent of the total mixture, thereby to produce a clear, homogeneous, non-gelat1- nous emulsifiable oil, and mixing the emulsisperm oil, thereby'to produce a clear, homogeneous, non-gelatinous emulsifiable 011, and mixing the emulsifiable oil with water to form a non-frothing stable emulsion.

8. The process which comprises forming '7 fied sul onated sperm oil bein present in suflicient. quantities so that t e emulsion formed will be stable and non-frothing.

10. The process which comprises mixing mineral oil, sulfonated s erm oil and one or more emulslfying agents om the group comprising rosin, fatty acids, sulfonated vegetable oil, and acids derived from petroleum, then adding suflicieno alkali to at least partially, saplonify the sa onifiable' materials present, is en agitating t e mixture with water, thereby to produce a non-frothing stable emulsion. i 111. A clear, homogeneous non-gelatinous, emulsifiable oil consisting o mineral oil and 0 saponified sulfonated sperm oil.

12. A clear, homogeneous, non-gelatinous, emulsifiable oil consisting of mineral oil, saponified sulfonated sperm oil and one or more emulsifying agents from the grou comprising rosin, .fatty acids, sulfonate vegetable oil, and acids derived from petro-' leum.

13. A non-frothing stable emulsion of water and oil which consists of mineral oil, 40 saponified sulfonated sperm oil and water. I 14. A non-frothing stable emulsion which consists of a mixture of mineral oil, saponi-' N fied sulfonated sperm oil, one or more emulsi fyin'g agents from the group com risin rosln, fatty acids, sulfonated vegeta le oi,

and acids derived from troleum, and water. a

In testimony whereo I aflix my si ature. ARCHIE B.' (DEL 

